Health authorities are warning anyone who has been in Leichhardt's busy shopping district and library recently to be on the lookout for symptoms of measles.
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The Sydney Local Health District has issued an alert on its Facebook page, saying an infected person visited MarketPlace Leichhardt, Norton Plaza and the library, in Sydney's inner-west, several times between July 15 and 24.
The alert said the symptoms of measles include sore eyes, a fever and a cough, followed by a rash a few days later.
It said the measles virus was highly contagious and spread through the air.
Those who display symptoms are urged to stay home from work, school and avoid public places.
"If you believe you, or a member of your family, may be showing symptoms, contact a GP as soon as possible, but please call ahead to alert the receptionist of your concerns so arrangements can be made for the doctor to see you without the risk of you spreading the virus to others," the alert said.
Sydney Local Health District director of public health, Leena Gupta, said there had been an increase in cases across the state due to under-vaccinated travellers returning from south-east Asia and the Philippines with the virus.
Dr Gupta said people born since 1966, who do not have a record of receiving two shots of the measles vaccine, or evidence of previous infection, are considered highly susceptible.
NSW Health has advised anyone concerned about measles to read its fact sheet.
